This paper was developed jointly by the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and the South Centre based on the concept of the Islamic Development Bank on National Ecosystems for South-South and Triangular Cooperation. The paper was authored by Yuefen Li, Daniel Uribe, and Danish from the South Centre in close consultation with Riad Ragueb, Ahmed Faruk Diken, Abdelhakim Yessouf, Abdul Majid Khan, Aminuddin Matt Ariff, Faquaruddin Mehmood, Mohannad Almashharawi, Moncef Soudani, and Sameh Hussein of the Reverse Linkage Section of the Islamic Development Bank.